Consensus on Nontechnical Skills for Japanese Paramedics: A Delphi Study.
Nursing & health sciences · 2026-04-06 · Qualitative study
Abstract
Nontechnical skills (NTS) are cognitive, social, and personal resource skills that support safe and effective performance in emergency care, with core NTS for paramedics being identified in international studies. However, system-specific priorities for Japanese paramedics have not been defined. This study aimed to establish expert consensus on the NTS considered most important for paramedics in Japan. We conducted a modified e-Delphi study. Of the 39 NTS ranked, 36 reached a consensus. The top five NTS included: teamwork, communication, interpersonal skills, situational awareness, and professionalism. Three NTS that did not meet rank-agreement criteria were: cultural safety, assertive, and freshness. We developed a consensus-based prioritized list of NTS for paramedics in Japan, reflecting both internationally recognized core skills and the Japanese prehospital context. These priorities provide a framework for paramedic education, professional development, and structured assessment, with the potential to contribute to improved performance and patient safety.
Tags
Communication & handover · Paramedics & EMTs · Teamwork & human factors