Real-time Geolocation Platforms for Access to Automated External Defibrillators in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Scoping Review.
International emergency nursing · 2026-05-14 · Scoping review
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest remains a major cause of preventable death. Rapid defibrillation is essential, yet access to automated external defibrillators is often delayed due to poor visibility and limited availability. Real-time geolocation platforms have emerged to improve access and shorten response times. METHODS: A scoping review was conducted following Joanna Briggs Institute and PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Four databases: PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science were searched from inception to April 2025. Studies reporting on real-time geolocation platforms designed to support early defibrillation in community or prehospital settings were included. RESULTS: Fourteen studies from seven countries were included. Most systems were smartphone-based or web applications integrated with emergency medical services. These platforms demonstrated potential to optimize early response: citizen responders arrived before emergency teams in 13-42% of cases, performed cardiopulmonary resuscitation in up to 69%, and delivered defibrillation in nearly 50%. Reported survival ranged from 8% to 88%, and restoration of spontaneous circulation occurred in approximately 30-39% of cases. However, inadequate device visibility (67%), restricted access (36%), and limited geographic coverage remained major operational barriers. CONCLUSIONS: Geolocation-based systems may improve community response to cardiac arrest and enhance survival through earlier defibrillation. Rigorous prospective studies are required to evaluate their long-term impact and determine their applicability across different emergency care systems.