Effectiveness of basic life support training with 4D for rural community-dwelling elderly in Taiwan: A pre-post study design.
Geriatric nursing (New York, N.Y.) · 2026-05-22 · Quasi-experimental
Abstract
AIMS: Older adults face increased risks of life-threatening emergencies, yet their capacity to learn BLS is often underestimated. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a rhythm-assisted 4D (Describe, Demo, Do, Debrief) BLS training in improving emergency response competencies among rural older adults. METHODS: A one-group pre-post quasi-experimental design was conducted with 218 older adults across 18 rural communities in Taiwan. A 60-minute BLS session was delivered using structured, age-friendly teaching and rhythmic beats. Pre- and post-training knowledge, attitudes, confidence, and skills were assessed. RESULTS: Significant gains were observed in all outcomes (p < 0.001). Age correlated negatively with post-training attitude, confidence, and skill performance, while prior BLS experience and marital status were positively linked to knowledge improvement. CONCLUSIONS: This innovative, low-cost BLS program effectively enhanced life-saving abilities in a vulnerable, underserved population. Structured, music-integrated training can empower older adults as first responders, addressing a critical gap in community emergency preparedness.